History of Mongolia

The history of new Mongol started when Togoontomor Khan left Daidu, the capital city which his ancestors established, and came back to the land of Mongolia. In 1270, the elder son of Togoontomor Khan, Ayushridar /Biligt/ announced Kharkhorin as the capital city of his new state and named it “Ar Yuan” /north Yuan/. The naming was due to the fact that Ayushridar had an important role in an attempt to restore the Yuan Dynasty, which fell to the Ming Dynasty.

Even though, this attempt was not successful, a new generation of Mongolian Dynasty started ruling at the center of Asia again.
Mongol Uls was apparently distinct from Hunnu, Sumbe, Jujan and even the Mongolian Empire. It was bordering with the former Mongolian empire territories to the north and with the great wall to the south and with the Manju on the east as well as on the southeastern side to the peninsula of Lyao Dun and Bahai Sea. Between 1380 and 1410, the Ming Dynasty was attacking Mongolia frequently and burning the valleys and winter homes.

At the same time, they were trying to make misconceptions and fights inside Mongolia among the rulers. In the 14th to 15th century the statehood of Mongolia was instable. In 1450s, Esen Taish once again unified all Mongols. However, he faced a struggle with the other rulers of the royal family and was assassinated in 1455. That resulted a split in the state he unified.

In 1470, Batmonkh Dayan Khan again brought together all the Mongol tribes and by the beginning of the 16th century, a powerful united state was formed. This State was steady until 1630 and its economy and culture flourished throughout that time. Subsequently, the threats from the Manjus reappeared, when they started coming into Mongolian politics by tying the knots with Mongolians royals.

The last khan of the state Ligden was aware of this hazard and fought against it, but sadly, he failed to get support from his own Mongolian leaders and died in 1634. Between 1630 and 1691, inner Mongolian and Halh Mongolian leaders, province rulers surrendered to Manju and by the year 1691, all Mongol Khanates and states followed Manju, except the Union of Oirats. This was the fall of Mongol Uls. During its 390 year of continuation, 21 Khans had ruled the state, the first Khan being Ayushridar and the last being Ligden.

/Olloo.mn/